RESUMO
Resumen El uso universal del Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), y sus versiones, ha creado un marco de inferencias polémicas sobre el cimiento anglosajón del MBI. El estudio analiza la universalidad del constructo de burnout del MBI en un contexto latinoamericano, examinando su validez, mediante análisis factorial exploratorio, confirmatorio y de fiabilidad. Un total de 505 docentes nicaragüenses participaron en el estudio. El 41% de los ítems no superaron las cargas factoriales. El mayor cuestionamiento acopia las inferencias de las dimensiones Despersonalización y Realización personal, apuntando a la probable falta de correspondencia cultural del constructo. El Agotamiento emocional resultó consistente y con la fiabilidad aceptable. El modelo del análisis factorial confirmatorio con el mejor ajuste mostró que el burnout puede ser interpretado como parte de una sola variable latente. Se concluyó que el constructo del MBI, tal como se plantea, no muestra suficiente peso para asumir su universalidad entre culturas heterogéneas. Las inconsistencias encontradas en la Despersonalización y la Realización personal dan indicios que se trata de un fenómeno específico ligado a contextos culturales determinados.
Abstract The universal use of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and its versions has created a framework of controversial inferences about the MBI's Anglo-Saxon foundation. The study analyzes the universality of the MBI burnout construct in a Latin American context, examining its validity, through exploratory, confirmatory factor analysis plus reliability; 505 Nicaraguan teachers participated in the study; 41% of the items did not surpass the factorial loads. The major inquiring points out to the inferences of the Depersonalization and Emotional exhaustion was consistent and with acceptable reliability. The model of Confirmatory Factor Analysis with the best fit showed that burnout can be interpreted as part of a single latent variable. It was concluded that the MBI construct, as proposed, does not show enough weight to assume its universality among heterogeneous cultures. The inconsistencies found in Depersonalization and Personal Realization give indications that it is a specific phenomenon linked to particular cultural contexts.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To develop a Self-Report Burnout Inventory for Doctors, and to establish its psychometric properties. METHODS: The study was conducted from August 2013 to December 2014 and comprised doctors from different public-sector hospitals in Lahore and Multan, Pakistan. Indicators for burnout were generated from the initial small sample of practicing doctors, while a larger sample was used for assessing the construct validity of the inventory. Exploratory factor analysis was done endowed with six inter-related factors while retaining 50 items in total. RESULTS: The initial sample to generate the indicators comprised 40 doctors, while construct validity was assessed using a sample of 500 doctors. Chronbach's alpha values were 0.70 to 0.90. The discriminant validity of the inventory, assessed with a sample of 200 doctors, revealed that it discriminated well between doctors with moderate to severe burnout and doctors with normal to mild burnout (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The Self-Report Burnout Inventory for Doctors was a reliable and valid tool which can be used with doctors to assess their level of burnout.
